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Stage 0 Restoration

Background

Stage 0 RestoratoinThe OWEB Board’s Monitoring Committee and staff have identified stream restoration efforts to restore a stream channel to Stage 0 a priority area to investigate via programmatic effectiveness monitoring. “Stage 0 restoration” is a valley-scale, process-based (hydrologic, geologic and biological) approach that aims to reestablish depositional environments to maximize longitudinal, lateral, and vertical connectivity at base flows and facilitate development of dynamic, self-formed and self-sustaining wetland-stream complexes.

Photo Credit: Jay Mather/Deschutes Land Trust

Project Summary

In July 2019, the board made a funding decision to invest in effectiveness monitoring of two Stage 0 restoration projects in Oregon that OWEB has funded in the past and information sharing associated with Stage 0 restoration approaches.

Effectiveness monitoring of Stage 0 projects in the a) South Fork McKenzie River, Upper Willamette Basin, and b) Whychus Creek in the Upper Deschutes Basin. Monitoring activities include biological, geomorphic, physical habitat, and water quality monitoring. The monitoring utilizes a mix of field based methods and remote sensing approaches. Monitoring in the Upper Willamette and Upper Deschutes basins were initiated with these funds in 2020 and expect to continue for another 3-4 years.

This investment also includes convening a workshop to bring together practitioners, researchers, regulators and other stakeholders to discuss current topics and data gaps related to implementing and monitoring restoration projects intended to achieve a Stage 0 condition.

In coordination with the Institute for Natural Resources (INR) at Oregon State University (OSU) OWEB successfully hosted a workshop on November 5 and 6, 2020. The workshop was open to discussion of all types of restoration actions focused on restoring Stage 0 conditions, but was primarily focused on outcomes and monitoring of larger-scale projects that utilized heavy equipment to move large amounts of sediment into incised channels from adjacent terraces to reset the valley floor and increase floodplain connection. This workshop was recorded and INR has made the videos of this workshop available at the links below.

Stage 0 Workshop: Day 1 Sessions I & II - Stage 0 Background/Overview, and Challenges & Uncertainties

  • Stage 0 Workshop: Day 1 Session I - Stage 0 Background/Overview
  • Stage 0 Workshop: Day 1 Session II - Challenges & Uncertainties
  • Stage 0 Workshop: Day 1 Session II - Breakout Groups - Challenges & Uncertainties

  • Stage 0 Workshop: Day 2 Current Monitoring and Evolving Knowledge & Communication Network/Process

  • Stage 0 Workshop: Day 2 Session III Part 1 - Current Monitoring Approaches
  • Stage 0 Workshop: Day 2 Session III Part 2 - Evolving Knowledge
  • Stage 0 Workshop: Day 2 Session IV - Communication Network or Process

  • The report, River Restoration to Achieve a Stage Zero Condition: Summary of a Workshop, summarizes the workshop sessions, key points made and includes transcriptions of the question and answer sessions. The document also includes appendices that summarizes responses from pre and post-workshop surveys and written responses to unanswered questions during the workshop.​


    Stage 0 refers to a stage of stream evolution characterized by a network of braided channels and floodplain, which Cluer and Thorne (2014) propose provides the greatest habitat and ecosystem benefits of nine stages of stream evolution. Stage 0 restoration reactivates valley floors to create abundant and diverse aquatic habitat, and offers a potentially potent tool to increase the pace and scale of stream restoration and stem the ongoing decline of native fish populations. However, because relatively few streams have channels in a Stage 0 condition and literature describing fish habitat has been based on simplified streams, limited data exists to evaluate the degree to and mechanisms by which Stage 0 streams support fish populations and other biological and physical processes. Because of the high complexity and large wetted area of the resulting projects, traditional field survey methods for monitoring stream habitat become time-intensive and costly, and increased variability requires more samples, presenting an opportunity to better measure stream habitat using remotely sensed imagery.

    In December 2023, the Upper Deschutes Watershed Council (UDWC) completed final monitoring reports to summarize the findings from the monitoring efforts that began in 2020. UDWC's Phase 1 Stage 0 Effectiveness Monitoring Project was implemented along 4.5 miles of planned or completed Stage 0 projects on Whychus Creek, spanning river miles 8 to 17. This project convened remote sensing experts and stream restoration practitioners to design and implement a monitoring approach that would improve the amount and quality of information available to answer key questions about Stage 0 restoration outcomes. UDWC acquired drone imagery and worked with technical experts to develop and apply analysis workflows for six hydrogeomorphic metrics and collected ground-based measurements for eight metrics. The 2020 Whychus Creek Stage 0 Restoration Effectiveness Monitoring Technical Report​ summarizes the monitoring approach and results. In addition, this grant funded the completion of several technical products that are available on the Upper Deschutes Watershed Council Whychus Creek Monitoring webpage​.​

    In 2024, OWEB provided an effectiveness monitoring grant to the UDWC to apply lessons and recommendations developed from the 2020 monitoring project in the same reaches in 2024. Imagery acquisition and ground-based surveys in 2024 and subsequent analysis will support the measurement of key Stage 0 restoration outcomes and evaluation of change following restoration and over time since restoration. Project partners include DLT, USFS, Wolf Water Resources, USGS, PGE, ODFW, and USFWS. ​

    The Evaluating Ecological and Geomorphic Responses to Stage 0 Restoration Monitoring Project is a multi-disciplinary study coordinated by the McKenzie Watershed Council (MWC) to examine short-term responses to Stage 0 restoration on the South Fork McKenzie River (SFMR), apply new monitoring approaches, define the Stage 0 practice, and synthesize existing data from similar restoration sites in Oregon.

    In July 2023, the MWC completed final monitoring reports to summarize the findings from the monitoring efforts that began in 2020. Several partners participated and completed related reports. Below is a summary including but not limited to the following reports:

    A peer-reviewed journal article titled “Rehabilitating Valley Floors to a Stage 0 Condition: A Synthesis of Opening Outcomes” led by the USFS PNW Research Station presents an initial synthesis of results from monitoring activities across several stage 0 restoration projects in the PNW that provide a foundation for understanding the effects of this approach of river rehabilitation on a variety of metrics.

    PNW, OSU, and CSU researchers applied novel methods to monitor geomorphic response to SFMR restoration. The team’s final report quantified inundated area, amounts of large instream wood, sediment size, water surface velocity, and water temperature from UAS photogrammetry, thermography, and multispectral orthomosaics.

    The UAS surveys were coordinated with paired field measurements for all metrics except inundated areas to calibrate and validate the remotely sensed data methods described in Hinshaw et al. (2022).

    UAS data documented significant increases in inundation area, including a notable increase of wetted edge habitat. The approach used to assess large wood reflects new methods reported by Barker et al. (2022).

    ODFW partnered with WNF to study juvenile Chinook salmon and native trout at the Phase 1 and 2 restoration project areas. The study documented extensive salmonid rearing use within Phases 1 and 2. The study also conducted Chinook spawning surveys in 2019, 2021, and 2022 and recorded much higher redd counts in Phases 1 and 2 after restoration. This report​ summarizes ODFW's survey efforts during the project period.

    To understand how restoration to a Stage 0 condition impacts a broader range of biological communities, PNW teamed with WNF and the Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center to complete an eDNA analysis of samples collected along field transects. The results demonstrated an increase in focal species detections, suggesting that as restoration increased habitat diversity and complexity, a more diverse collection of species occupied the habitat. The study findings, described in this report,​ showed that aquatic biodiversity can be inventoried using eDNA metabarcoding, and multiple species can be assessed simultaneously by the approach.

    OSU and PNW assessed primary and secondary biological productivity and abundance of focal fish species at the SFMR to better understand the effects of restoration. Researchers sampled benthic macroinvertebrates (BMI) communities and fish diets in Phase 1 restoration and two upstream, unrestored reaches on a seasonal basis. The diverse aquatic habitat patches created by the restoration hosted a greater diversity of BMI assemblages relative to the unrestored reaches, and fish diet assemblages appeared more complex in Phase 1 relative to the controls. These findings suggest enhanced biological production may be driven by increased wetted area, at least in the short term. This report​ describes th​e study findings.

    In March 2024, OWEB provided an effectiveness monitoring grant to the MWC to continue this monitoring effort through 2025. OWEB funding will support MWC to assess the effects of restoration on three reaches along the SF McKenzie River. This monitoring proposal will support continued monitoring before a third phase of habitat restoration is anticipated to be completed in 2025. The proposed work will continue ODFW’s monitoring of juvenile Chinook salmon, remote sensing, and ground-based monitoring activities and ensure long-term public availability of remote sensing data collected during the initial monitoring phase and those collected during this proposed work.

    Contact

    Please direct questions or comments to Ken Fetcho, Effectiveness Monitoring Coordinator, 971-345-7018.