The relationship between the Indian Tribes of Oregon and state government dates back to territorial times and has been evolving for more than 200 years. In the earliest days, Tribes dealt primarily with the federal government, under treaties that codified their relationship. This lasted more than a century, with the federal government assisting in services such as housing, water, police, education and health care for Tribes.
Shift toward state government
Over the past 30 years, a significant shift in governmental relations has occurred, with a marked reduction in federal-Tribe interaction and a much greater connection between state government and Indian communities.
The driving force has been the shift in funding streams; federal funding of social and health services for Tribes is now passed through state agencies rather than coming directly from the federal government. Instead of the federal government directly providing services and administering programs, Tribes now administer and operate their own health and human-service programs using federal funds funneled through state government.
The advent of the Oregon Health Plan (OHP) in 1994 helped accelerate this shift. To ensure that Tribes could access OHP benefits and coverage, Oregon Department of Human Services (ODHS) began regular meetings with Tribal representatives, which proved to be valuable both to the department and the Tribes.
Executive order on state-Tribal relations becomes law
Those meetings were formalized in May 1996, when Governor Kitzhaber signed Executive Order 96-30 on State/Tribal Government-to-Government Relations. The purpose of the order was to "establish a process which can assist in resolving potential conflict, maximize key intergovernmental relations and enhance an exchange of ideas and resources for the greater good of all Oregon's citizens, whether Tribal or not." In the 2001 session of the Oregon Legislature, Executive Order 96-30 was codified into Senate Bill 770 and passed into law.
Current meetings
Under that law, the ongoing meetings about health care were expanded to become what are now the Public Health Division meetings. In addition to representatives of the department's health programs, the meetings also bring together people from ODHS programs. Though health care is a primary topic, other issues such as transportation, child welfare and housing are regularly raised at the quarterly meetings.
Tribal liaison
In December 1997, ODHS established a Tribal relations liaison position within the Director's Office. Duties include coordinating Public Health Division meetings and working with Tribes to solve specific problems that arise. The liaison also trains department staff and partners on the relationship between the department and Tribes. The department has appointed special Tribal liaisons that represent all main areas of ODHS programs.