Gonorrhea, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as the gonococcus, is easily transmitted from person to person through vaginal, rectal or oral sexual contact. The 981 gonorrhea cases reported in 2003 represent an increase of 5.6% from the 929 cases reported in 2002. If untreated, gonococcal infections cause a variety of health problems for men, women, and infants. The major complications of gonorrhea are infertility and tubal pregnancies among women. Reported cases of gonorrhea among men who have sex with men increased during 2003. Recent sex partners of infected persons should be evaluated and treated for gonorrhea.